<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten
<item><hi format=bold>Land use:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>arable land:</hi> 6%
<item>• <hi format=ital>permanent crops:</hi> 0%
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 23%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 0%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 71%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 6,940 sq km (1990)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; Tajikistan is part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> NA